硬件工程师从抽象的更高层次开始工作，并使用模拟器和其他自动化的形式在电路测试板上进行原料填充。
Hardware engineers started working at higher levels of abstraction and using simulators and other forms of automation to do all the stuff they used to do on breadboards.
作为低功耗设计的理论基础，本文从数字电路的基本功耗方程出发，重点讨论了各设计层次优化功耗的方法；
As the theoretic foundation of low power, power optimization from design levels of digital circuit has been discussed with emphasis based on the basic power consumption equation.
随着电子系统的功能化、复杂化，层次电路的设计显得非常重要。
Sheet circuits design becomes more and more important with the development of complicated functional electronic systems.
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