现实主义作为一场艺术运动，是与法国1848年革命同时出现的。画家库尔贝和理论家尚弗勒里是其精神领袖。现实主义坚决如是的表现画家所处时代的风格、思想和面貌，其中至关重要的是真诚。“现实主义”（realism)在西方语言中也可指艺术写实的手法。因此，“现实主义”也可称为“写实主义”。
在西方美术史上，尤其是在二十世纪西方现代绘画史上，产生过许许多多的画派，如野兽派、立体派、未来派、达达派以及超现实主义画派等。
In the western history of art especially in the modern painting history of20th there were many modern painting trends such as fauvism cubism futurism dada and surrealism etc.
在西方美术史上，尤其是在二十世纪西方现代绘画史上，产生过许许多多的画派，如野兽派、立体派、未来派、达达派以及超现实主义画派等。
In the western history of art especially in the modern painting history of20th there were many modern painting trends such as fauvism cubism futurism dada and surreal ism etc.
陈逸飞曾接受苏联画派的教育，当时社会现实主义的主导题材限制了艺术家的创作突破。
Chen received the Russian style of artistic education heavily dominated by social realism in subject matter, which had restrained many Chinese artists from making artistic breakthroughs at that time.
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