人类的某些基因对环境因子具有特定的反应，这些反应影响着人体对有害环境因子（特别是环境化学物）的易感性。这些基因被称为环境应答基因（environmental response gene）或环境易感基因。 环境应答基因的多态性是造成人群易感性差异的重要原因。
这意味着研究者不但可以定性定量地分析肠道菌种，也可以这些菌种是通过那些基因对不同的环境条件进行应答的。
That means researchers could determine not only which species of bacteria were present and in what proportions, but also which genes these bugs were actively using in different conditions.
这些分子可对环境的影响作出应答，根据需要令一些基因沉默，并激活其他基因。
These molecules can respond to environmental influences by silencing some genes and activating others as needed.
毒理基因组学主要在基因组水平上研究机体对环境因子的应答反应，了解基因和环境交互作用在疾病发生中的作用。
Toxicogenomics mainly study the response of human body to the environmental elements, and understand the effect of gene-environment interaction to the disease in molecular level.
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