牵开器(retractors)又称拉钩，用以牵开组织,显露需手术范围，便于探查和操作，可分为手持拉钩和自动拉钩两类。有各种不同形状和大小的规格，可根据手术需要选择合适的拉钩。
n. retractor ; declinator
悬雍垂牵开器 uvula forceps ; uvula retractor ; uvul retrctor
泪囊牵开器 lachrymal sac retractor ; dacryocyst retractor ; lacrimalretractor
牙龈牵开器 gingival retractor ; gumretractor
组织牵开器 tissue retractor
脑固定牵开器 self retaining brain retractor ; brain selfretaining retractor
乳突牵开器 mastoid retractor
脊柱牵开器 spinal retractor
睑牵开器 blepharostat refractor ; blepharostat ; retractor eyelid ; blephrostt refrctor
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在软组织充分扩张后安放管状牵开器系统。
A tubular retractor system is subsequently deployed after tissue dilation is performed.
就作者所知，既往无该种性能的牵开器报道。
To the author's knowledge, there are no previously described retractors with this ability.
股神经的损伤也可能由于牵开器的不正确放置。
Injury to the femoral nerve can also occur through incorrect placement of retractors.
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