生物多样性是指在一定时间和一定地区所有生物（动物、植物、微生物）物种及其遗传变异和生态系统的复杂性总称。生物多样性包括遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性。
鸟类和珊瑚鱼很好地证明了东部物种多样性的退化。
This easterly decline in species diversity is well demonstrated by birds and coral fish.
生态学家曾一度认为，物种多样性使生态系统变得稳定。
At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable.
支持这一观点的是，长期存在的顶极群落通常比先锋群落有更复杂的食物网和更多的物种多样性。
Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities.
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