像宽干谷这样爆裂的火山口形成于蒸汽喷发的过程中，在那里，上升的岩浆与地表下的水接触形成了蒸汽喷发。
Volcanic explosion craters such as Dallol form during phreatic eruptions—where rising magma comes into contact with water beneath the surface of the Earth, causing a steam explosion.
岩浆能喷发出地表，并通过火山峰顶形成熔岩流(大多情况会形成火山口)，但它也能通过火山山体侧面的火山岩圆顶和侧面出口喷发出来。
Magma can erupt to the surface and form lava flows through the volcano's summit (frequently forming a crater), but it can also erupt from lava domes and flank vents along the volcano's sides.
火山顶部的冰川融水流进了火山口，冷却了岩浆，随后来自底部的压力造成了爆炸。
The meltwater from the glacier on top of the volcano ran down into the crater, chilling the magma and then the pressure from underneath caused an explosion.
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