一个主要原因是车轮在钢轨上由于制动滑动产生的脆性马氏体所导致的踏面热损伤和蠕变。

One of important reasons is that the generation of brittle martensite due to brake sliding of wheels on rails leads to tread damage and its creep.

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蠕变期间，晶内碳化物阻碍位错运动，晶界碳化物“钉扎”晶界，阻碍晶界滑动，由此提高钢的蠕变抗力。

The carbides in the matrix prevent dislocation from moving, and pin effect of the carbides in the grain boundary keep grain boundary from sliding, and creep resistance of steel is improved.

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