病毒没有被杀死，所以它是活病毒，它会感染你的肠道系统并繁殖。

The virus is not killed so it's a live virus, which is actually going to infect your intestinal system and reproduce.

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科学家随后成功分离并培养出可以与人类细胞受体相结合的活病毒。

Crucially, the scientists were also able to isolate and culture a live virus that binds to a receptor on a human cell.

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更重要的是，这种减毒活病毒结种于未孵化的鸟类后可提供有效的预防。

More importantly, this live attenuated virus provided effective protection when it was administered to birds before they had hatched.

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The strategy that Salk used was to kill the virus instead.

索尔克的方法是使用灭活病毒

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Hopefully their immune systems will respond to it like the real virus but it won't be capable of replication because we've chemically cross linked it so it can't go through its life cycle.

人体的免疫系统,就会对该病毒产生免疫应答,但灭活的病毒不能复制,因为我们已经对它做了化学处理,使它无法进入生命周期

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They grew the virus in monkey cell cultures, they purified the virus because you got to get all the other stuff from the cells that you're growing it in a way, they inactivated it by treating it with formalin which is just a formula-- it's just a mixture of Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde cross links proteins.

研究人员将病毒种植在猴细胞内,进行培养,并提纯病毒,在某种程度上,通过这种方法,可以得到所有类型的病毒,研究人员用福尔马林,处理病毒,使其灭活,福尔马林就是甲醛的水溶液,甲醛可以使蛋白质发生交联反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选