对于水工隧洞衬砌混凝土，在施工期由于水泥水化热作用，温度应力影响显著，是产生混凝土结构裂缝的重要原因之一。
As for hydraulic tunnel lining concrete, thermal stress is one of important factors that cause concrete cracks, due to the heat of hydration of cement in the construction period.
钢筋骨架网衬砌模注砼及初期锚喷砼支护，采用水泥裹砂半湿式喷砼法；
The re bar net preliminary lining mould shotcrete and preliminary and anchor shotcrete are used for support by the use of the semi wet spraying method with sand entrapped in cement.
用压注水泥砂浆的办法，对隧道衬砌进行补强和封水堵漏，从五十年代起，在铁路隧道施工中开始采用并沿用至今。
Up to now, the grouting method has been used to reinforce the tunnel lining and to prevent the water from leaking in the railway tunnel construction since 1950's.
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