这个起源于欧洲的概念，在20世纪50年代末被美国城市规划者采用。

The concept which originated in Europe was adopted by American city planners in the late 1950s.

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自20世纪90年代末，工程师们就已经想到了一些方法来将开源的概念应用于计算机和电子硬件。

Since the late 1990s, engineers have sought ways to apply open source concepts to computer and electronic hardware.

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早期的远程学习借助于邮政系统，现在使用的是计算机、卫星和互联网。 远程学习并不是一个崭新的概念，最早的远程学习可能是皮特曼组织于十九世纪末开设的速记课程。

The first structured distance learning or correspondence courses were probably the shorthand courses offered by the Pitman organization at the end of the 19th century.

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One thing was that he said that they shorted the Internet stocks in the late 1990s.

他说的其中一件事是,他们在90年代末做空了互联网概念股

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选