有分析家称：“综合性银行就相当于受监管的、抵押业务支撑的超级债券。
“The universal bank is the regulatory equivalent of the super-senior mortgage-backed bond,” says one analyst.
如果你预期一项债券(有可能是受一系列抵押资产支持的债券)将出现违约，你可以购买保险，以弥补债券价值的损失。
If there is a bond that you expect to go into default (it might be a bond backed by a collection of mortgages), you can buy insurance against the resulting loss in the bond's value.
第一个有记录的公共债券起源于1150年的1月，当局以市场中商贩们的税收为抵押，从投资者那里筹集了400里拉。
The first recorded public bond is dated January 1150 when the municipality raised 400 lire by granting to investors the tax revenue raised from stallholders in the marketplace.
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