到目前为止，古生物学家认为恢复需要几千万年的时间——原因要么是由于大灭绝的深重影响，要么是由于火山爆发导致地球变成有毒的荒漠。

Until now, paleontologists have thought the recovery took tens of millions of years-a reflection either of the profundity of the Great Dying or of the toxic desert planet that the eruptions created.

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然而，他补充道：“这对于成比例的损失率中小小的变化都高度敏感，因为这些有毒资产的数目太大，并且被掩盖的时间太长。”

However, he added: "This is highly sensitive to small changes in the proportionate loss rate because the amount of assets is so big and the length of time that the assets are covered."

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自2007年8月以来的一年时间里，以伯南克为主要代表的央行一直致力于有毒债务的清偿。

For over a year, since August 2007, central bankers, principally Mr Bernanke, have been trying to make this toxic debt liquid.

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