这种可能引起安慰剂效应的“无效治疗”经常被作为对照组应用于临床试验，科学家依此判断被测药物的额外作用。
Dummy treatments that might elicit the placebo effect are often used in clinical trials as a comparison group to allow scientists to measure the additional effects of experimental medicines.
校车事故发生后，12名学生立即被送往医院，其中8人治疗无效后死亡。
Immediately after the school bus accident, twelve students were sent to hospital, where eight died despite treatment.
这种手术成功率高，但需要开胸操作，所以往往只适合于那些其他治疗无效的患者。
The procedure has a high success rate, but because it requires open-heart surgery, it's usually reserved for people who don't respond to other treatments.
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