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推导出由特征多项式的系数表示的线图（无重边图）中圈的个数，双向结点对个数，单向结点对个数及简单图中有向三角形个数的计算公式，等等。
The formulae for the number of loops, edges, triangles, pairs of two-way nodes and pairs of one-way nodes are deduced by the coefficients of a characteristic polynomial, so on.
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