与演算的语法研究的同时，还有数理逻辑的形式语言的语义研究。

And the grammar study calculus at the same time, there are mathematical logic in the form of the semantic language study.

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该文利用自由幺半群上的有理形式幂级数理论，构造出该概率分布的约化线性表示，从而完全解决了噪声变量的概率分布计算问题。

In this paper, we propose a reduced linear representation of such distribution based on the formal power series on free monoid which can be easily used to calculate the probability distribution.

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线性次序统计量和线性秩统计量是数理统计中两类很重要的统计量，在应用上经常使用，很多形式的统计量都是属于这两类统计量。

Linear order statistic and linear rank statistic are two kinds of important statistics in the mathematical statistics. They are used widely and a lot of the other statistics belonging to them.

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