美国反托拉斯法行使域外管辖权的依据主要是所谓的效果原则(effects doctrine) ,即规定任何国家均可就发生在境外但又在其境内产生影响的行为,甚至不对其负有忠诚义务的人行使管辖权。
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... principle of economy 经济律 principle of effect 效果原则 principle of encoding specificity 编码特定性原则 ...
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于是又产生了新的原则——“效果原则” (effects principle), 即只要相关行为对一国造成了有害的经济影响效果, 那么该国就有权对其主张管辖权, 而不 论该行为发生在何处。
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效果原则的概念 The Principle of Effects
最终效果原则 final effect principles
无效果-无报酬原则 Principle of No Cure-No Pay
无效果-部分报酬原则 Principle of No Cure-Some Pay
However, as the“effect principle”goes too far away from the traditional international law, it has caused conflict and contradiction.
但是,由于“效果原则”对传统国际法的过度扩张,导致了矛盾和对抗的产生。
参考来源 - 论合并控制制度域外效力中的效果原则There are two mechanisms that lead to the adaptation of competition law,including "effect doctrine" in traditional theory and "law of direct application" in private international law.
竞争法域外适用有两种引发机制,即传统理论中的“效果原则”和国际私法中的“直接适用的法”理论。
参考来源 - 论竞争法域外适用的两种机制——效果原则与直接适用的法·2,447,543篇论文数据,部分数据来源于NoteExpress
具体评判规则包括前提条件、主体要件、手段要求和效果原则。
Specific rules of assessment include precondition factors, requirements of the subject, methods required and efficiency principles.
例如,自2007年后期启动实施以来,国际卫生合作计划在执行卫生领域援助效果的原则方面发挥了核心作用。
For example, the IHP+ was launched in late 2007 and, since, has played a pivotal role in implementing the principles of aid effectiveness for health.
每个原则都可以很明显的看到效果,以便随后实践的价值可以清楚的被看到。
The benefits are clearly presented for each principle, so that the value of following the defined practices can be seen.
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