首先，他们用基因手段禁止了细胞受体的活动——细胞受体即那些向其他细胞发送和从其他细胞接受信号的分子们——因为雌激素和雄激素存在于正在发育的老鼠胚胎的肢芽中。

First, they used genetic tools to deactivate cell receptors-molecules that send and receive signals to and from other cells-for testosterone and estrogen in the developing limb buds of mouse embryos.

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