钢材的淬硬倾向、焊接接头含氢量及其分布，以及接头所承受的拘束应力状态是产生焊接冷裂纹的三大主要因素。
Harden tendency of steel, content and distribution of hydrogen in welded joints, restraint stress resistance of joints are three factors that leads to the cold cracks of the welded joints.
但是由于焊接结构应力场的复杂性，使得精确计算拘束力、拘束长度和反变形量值很困难。
But, it is very difficult to calculate values of restraint, restraint length and reverse deformation accurately, because of the complication of stress fields in welded structure.
塑性拘束较大的直缺口试样(i)的整体屈服载荷及缺口前的应力、应变和应变率比塑性拘束较小的V缺口试样(V)大。
The general yield load, stress and strain rate ahead of notches of I specimens with larger plastic constraint is larger than that of V specimens with small plastic constraint.
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