crafts guild ; craft guild
从13世纪末到19世纪初，中世纪欧洲的所有手工业者均由称作行会的各种联盟组织起来。
From the end of the 13th century to the early 19th century, craftsmen across medieval Europe were organized into unions called guilds.
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手工业者行会促进了工业的分工。
GUILDS_DESC; The craft guilds came about by increased specialization of industry.
手工业行会，是从事同种作业的手工业者的封建组织。为了保护本行业的经营利益和在同业之间均摊差务﹐在中国历史上它历来都是依恃封建政权的支持进行活动﹐并起着调节城市商品生产和买卖的作用。
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