本文研究了具有惩罚因子的合同加工排序问题，提出了相应的分枝定界算法。

In this paper, the problem for contract processing sequencing with penalty factor is studied and a branch and bound method for this problem is proposed.

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核函数参数和误差惩罚因子的选择对支持向量机模型（SVM）的精度有较大影响。

The selection of the kernel function parameter and error penalty factor affected the precision of the support vector machine (SVM) significantly.

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引进群体决策中关于评分数的惩罚因子，由此定义了惩罚评分数和惩罚评分泛函概念。

By introducing the penalty factor about mark in group decision making, the concepts of the penalty mark number and the penalty mark functional are defined in this paper.

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