叔本华认为，存在是一种无所不在，贪得无厌的意志的表象，这种意志产生了一个充满矛盾、痛苦，没有丝毫感情和意义的恐怖世界。
According to Schopenhauer, existence is the expression of an insatiable, pervasive will generating a terrible world of conflict and suffering, senselessness, and futility.
由此，叔本华引入柏拉图意义上的“理念”，柏拉图理念论中的矛盾同时也进入了叔本华的意志哲学。
Therefore, the Idea in Plato's sense is introduced in Schopenhauer's philosophy, so does the contradiction of Platonic Idea.
人类与自然的矛盾表现为人类意志与自然意志的较量。
The contradiction between human and nature represents that the human will struggles with the natural will.
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