90年代初ibm在几乎用尽现金的情况下，在郭士纳(Lou Gerstner)的管理下改变，最近又在印度竞争者威胁到要夺取它的业务时在彭明盛先生领导下转变。

IBM transformed itself under Lou Gerstner when it nearly ran out of cash in the early 1990s, and again more recently under Mr Palmisano when Indian rivals threatened to steal its business.

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