开采成本本身不高，而且外部投资正在将成本从矿山转移到市场。即便如此，澳大利亚可以以每吨25澳元的价格成本生产铁矿石。

It does not cost much to scrape it up, and the expense comes in moving costs from mine to market. Even so, Australia can produce iron ore for $25 a tonne.

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开采成本的急剧提高对全球经济的生产力存在负面作用。

A surge propelled by the costs of extraction would be a negative productivity shock for the global economy.

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但总的来说，他们是在勉为其难，因为工程师和设备的短缺，以及开采成本的增大。

But on the whole, they are struggling to increase their output, owing to shortages of engineers and equipment, and to the concomitant rise in development costs.

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