第一章综述了目前国内外机车负载试验的状况，分析了水阻和干阻负载试验的优缺点，提出改造的目标和内容。

In chapter 1, it summarizes the present state of load test at home and abroad and analyses the disadvantages of traditional water-resistance load test and put forward the goal and content of rebuild.

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目前，主要有两种负载方式，一种为水阻，另一种为干阻，干阻对环境无污染，有极好的发展前景。

At present, there are two modes of load test. One is water-resistance load; the other is resistance-load. The resistance load mode is developing and it can protect environment.

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