在电力零售市场引入实时电价（RTP）制度后，当零售市场还处于配电公司垄断经营的阶段，仍需要对配电公司的零售电价进行规制。
The retail electricity of a monopolizing distribution company still have to be regulated after the real-time price (RTP) is utilized in the retail electricity market since the market is monopolized.
市场条件下零售电价相对固定而批发市场电价和负荷需求经常波动，使配电公司面临较大的风险。
In competitive market, retail prices are comparatively fixed, while wholesale prices and load demand are variable, which lead distribution utilities facing huge risks.
根据电力零售市场的特点，基于负荷价格响应的定义以及边际成本定价理论，推导出了考虑负荷价格响应的有功实时电价的表达式。
Based on the concept of load-price elasticity, the principle of marginal cost pricing, and conditions of the deregulated retail electricity market, the model of spot pricing was deduced.
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