经工作套管放置内镜(它带有手术光源和小摄像机)，允许外科医生通过视频屏幕观察纤维环、椎间盘、硬膜外间隙。
An endoscope (which contains a surgical light and small camera) is placed through the tube, allowing the surgeon to view the annulus, disc, and epidural space on a video monitor.
损伤的进展看似由纤维环最内第一层产生的小裂口开始。
The progressive damage appears to develop with a small cleft inside the first inner layer of the anulus.
典型的退变性椎间盘疾病从椎间盘壁小的撕裂开始。椎间盘壁称为纤维环。
Degenerative disc disease typically begins when small tears appear in the disc wall, called the annulus.
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