本文简要而概括地介绍了“理想元素”和“对偶原理”，表明了作者在高等几何教学方法上的见解。

The article deals briefly with the "ideal element" and "Duality principle", which includes methods of teaching of the author.

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文中导出了动态导通比参数、半导体开关管拓扑以及变压器理想模型的对偶形式。

The duality of transformers (ideal and perfect models) is investigated. In addition, the duality relationships of duty ratio parameters and semiconductor-switch topologies are also given.

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本文给出非理想流体(非理想气体、等离子体及液体)的对偶关联性质的一般理论。

In this paper, a general theory on correlated properties of fluids (nonideal gases, plasmas and liquids) is studied. The solution operator of BBGKY hierarchy is obtained.

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