穷人同时也有更多吸烟的人并在更大程度上遭受着压力的影响，这些对于重大心血管疾病风险因素都有着重大影响。
Poor people also smoke more and suffer more from stress which significantly influences the major cardiovascular disease risk factors.
虽然这些因素通常难以控制，但仍然应该告知患者，戒烟以及减轻体重对于降低脊柱手术感染的风险具有重要意义。
Although these factors are often difficult to modify, patients should be counseled that a benefit of smoking cessation and weight reduction is a decreased risk of infection with spine surgery.
对于HIV检测的服务利用，目标人群会主观上感知到许多风险，这些风险是阻碍服务利用的重要因素。
People who want to take the HIV test will face lots of perceived risks. These risks are important obstacle factors for people to take the test.
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