对于较大口径的管道，则可通过用环绕在管道外壁的绳索固定的“拖拉”或者杠杆将管道组对起来。
In larger sizes, force pipes together by means of a "pull lift" or lever hoist attached by slings around the outside of the pipes.
对于大口径精密投影光刻制版镜头来说，透镜的应力变形和中心误差对整个系统的成像质量有较大影响。
For big aperture's precision photolithographic plate-making lenses, the stress distortion and centering errors of lenses can make a bad effect on imaging quality.
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