所有这些构成了游戏公司的创收手段，通过这些途径，游戏公司就可以创造额外的重复收益，这在传统的零售收入渠道中增加了实质收益。

All of these constitute creative ways in which game companies are generating additional and recurring revenue channels that can add substantial value to the traditional retail revenue channel.

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几项国际研究都显示，实行服务业自由化可能会带来实质性的收益。

Several international studies suggest that the gains from liberalizing services could be substantial.

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这个数字加上起始股息收益率，得到的股票长期实质回报率在3.5%左右，仍远低于历史平均值。

Adding that figure to the starting dividend yield gives a real return of around 3.5%, well below the historic average.

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