他认为，外语学习动机包括三个构成成分，即语言层面(language level)、学习者层面(learner level)以及学习情景层面(situationlevel)，因对学习动机的研究也应该在这三个层面上展开。
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外语词汇学习中的文化盲点遍及各个层面，是学习者有效地进行词汇输入和输出的主要障碍之一。
The cultural blind spot exists in all aspects of English vocabulary acquisition. It is one of the main barriers in learner's effectively carrying on vocabulary input and output.
母语的迁移可以分为正迁移和负迁移，两种迁移都是客观存在的，都会在学习者的学习过程中产生多层面的影响。
Transfer of mother tongue can be divided into positive transfer and negative transfer, both of them exist objectively and can pose many effects to the language learner in his learning process.
然而，绝大多数的研究者把目光投向了中，低水平的英语学习者，研究范围也大都局限于词或句子层面上。
They believed that most errors that learners make should not be corrected because they are developmental ones, which have aroused great attention and have been explored by many researchers.
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