根据这些表达式进一步推导套管轴向力和径向力的计算公式，然后根据这些公式定性地分析注蒸汽采油对套管强度的影响。
By means of these expressions, formulas for calculating the axial and radial forces on the casing are derived and then the influence of steam flooding on casing strength is qualitatively analyzed.
早期的膨胀锥在应用于实体管膨胀时，不但需要较大的轴向力，而且存在套管膨胀后的轴向尺寸会有较大的减小等难题。
When the early expansion cone is used to expand solid expandable tubular, the great axial force will be needed and the length of the tube will be reduced considerably.
水平井套管柱的挠曲变形，不仅受自重引起的横向均布载荷的影响，而且还受轴向力的影响，同时还可能有初弯曲。
The flexual deformation of casing in a horizontal hole is caused not only by the uniform transverse load from dead weight, but also by the axial load, and the existence of initial bent if any.
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