一个突变细胞如发生克隆性扩增，就引起这些大量突变。
They arise when there is a clonal expansion of a mutated cell.
这项检测表明病毒是近期感染因为病毒传播给他人前并没有发生大量突变。
The genetic tests indicated that not much mutation had taken place before the virus had spread, suggesting short-term infection.
癌症研究院的伊丽莎白·拉普利博士补充道：“这是一项激动人心的研究。它为我们提供了大量信息，揭示了DNA的突变是如何引发及推动癌症产生的。”
Dr Elizabeth Rapley, of The Institute of cancer Research, added: "These are exciting studies that show us a great deal about how cancer is triggered and driven by mutations in DNA."
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