指声母的类别，是某一类声母的总称。是从韵书（或其他材料）的反切系联或类似手段得来的，没有经过音位归纳处理。
本文采用系联法，辅之以比较归纳法，整理考订出《文选》五臣音的声类为4 0个。
With an interrelated approach supported comparative inductive method, the present paper works out 40 categories of phoneme used in Selected Works by five officials.
雄鹿的摩擦印记发出的嗅觉信号所传递的信息，使其与某些其他鹿类的听觉信号，比如公麋鹿的号角声，产生了相同的社会效果。
The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.
尽管像狮子一类的大型猫科动物也会发出呼噜般的声音，研究却表明豹亚科动物，比如狮子、老虎、美洲豹、美洲虎、雪豹及云豹，并不能发出真正的呼噜声。
Although some big cats like lions exhibit a purr-like sound, studies show that the Patherinae subfamily: lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar, snow leopard, and clouded leopard do not exhibit true purring.
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