地表沉降，外文名ground surface settlement，是坑探工程学科，指因开挖引起开挖面围岩的挤出，或因坍塌引起围岩松弛，开挖后围岩和支护、围岩和衬砌间的空隙因地下水位下降引起固结，使软弱围岩中支护下沉等原因，导致的地表下沉现象。
At last, some valid construction measurements are given to control the ground surface settlement.
最后结合实际施工参数，提出了控制地表沉降的有效施工措施。
参考来源 - 土压平衡盾构施工引起的地表沉降分析We begin this paper with introduction of the actuality of forecast of the surface subsidence, followed by discussion of the techniques of both grouting and monitoring. Some monitoring methods of surface subsidence will be investigated in details afterward.
本文首先介绍了目前国内外沉降预测的研究现状,研究了与工程相关的注浆技术和监测技术,收集了上海地铁某隧道壁后注浆施工资料,整理了地表沉降的监测数据。
参考来源 - 上海地铁隧道壁后注浆的地表顶升回落规律的研究For two parallel tunnels,the construction of one tunnel will affect the land subsidence of the other tunnel at different degree.
对于平行双线隧道，一侧隧道的施工对另一侧隧道的地表沉降会产生不同程度的影响。
参考来源 - 城市地铁群洞隧道施工地表沉降研究The settlement of ground surface due to the construction of tunnel is the main cause which results in the damage of the appearance and the function of buildings on the groud surface.
地铁隧道施工引发的地表沉降是造成各种地表上部建筑物产生外观及功能上损害的主要原因。
参考来源 - 施工过程中浅埋隧道自身性状及上部建筑物沉降变形的数值分析·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
在地下结构中，开挖方式对地表沉降和结构稳定影响很大。
In underground structure, excavation method has a great impact on land subsidence and structure stability.
最后利用叠加原理，导出最终的地表沉降及水平位移计算公式。
By using the adding principle, the ultimate calculated formulas for calculating the ground surface settlement and horizontal displacement were obtained.
本文提出了按正态分布密度函数计算深基坑开挖引起的地表沉降值的公式。
In this paper, a formula of ground settlement around deep excavation is proposed based on the normal distribution of density function.
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