有两种假设：一是林伍德(Ringwood，1975)假设，地幔由57%的橄榄石、17%的斜方辉石、12%的单斜辉石和14%的石榴子石组成。长期被视为由近似的原始的方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩组成。另一是安德森(Anderson，1990)假设，地幔岩由16%的橄榄石、6%的斜方辉石、33%的单斜辉石和45%的石榴子石组成。
赫斯认为，水的存在可能是由地幔中分解的矿物质释放出来的，这可能意味着含镁高的岩浆可能在较低的温度下存在。
Hess suggested that the presence of water, probably released from minerals decomposing in the Earth's mantle, might have meant that a high-magnesium magma could have existed at a lower temperature.
蛇纹石是一种用来珠宝装饰的深绿色矿物，它形成于俯冲带，当海水渗入到地球上地幔的环境中，形成深度可达200km。
Serpentinite is a dark green mineral used in decoration and jewelry. In nature, it is formed when sea water infiltrates into Earth's upper mantle, at depths that can reach 200 km in subduction zones.
目前，有关研究认为此类矿床成矿物质主要来源于矿床的围岩或上地幔。
Until now, some studies showed that major source of ore-forming materials come from wall rock or upper mantle.
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