而西方教育心理学的最新教学理论——建构主义理论，在教与学两方面都有很多独特的见解，对传统教学理论提出了挑战。

The latest teaching theory of western educational psychology—the constructivism, with many unique opinions both in teaching and learning, has posed a challenge to the traditional teaching theory.

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在教育技术环境下外语合作学习的研究已成为现代教育技术辅助外语教与学领域中的一个热点问题。

Focusing on foreign language collaborative learning research becomes a trend in the field of educational technology in foreign language teaching and learning.

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网络的飞速发展使传统的教学模式发生了巨大的变化，目前已渗透到医学微生物教与学的各个环节，在教学中发挥着重要的促进作用。

With the development of internet technique, traditional teaching model had taken a great change. The internet techniques had penetrated all the sides of medical microbiology teaching.

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