教科书出版商将教授、教师和学生联系在一起，而开放式电子教科书和开放式教育资源等替代方式根本无法做到这一点。
Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not.
这使得被管理者与管理者之间失去了信任和开放式的沟通。
It precludes a level of trust and open communication between regulated and regulator.
这种情况下，公共餐桌和开放式厨房都能减少沉默带来的尴尬。
In such cases, the communal tables and the open kitchen can smooth over awkward silences.
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