后向关联(backward linkage)即国产化的程度，随着国产化率提高，大批国内企业会顺利进入跨国公司国际分工体系，从而使其生产经营方向同大公司引导的产业结构...
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The outcome proves that these factors do have typical influences on backward linkages.
结果表明,这些制约因素对后向关联溢出有着明显作用。
参考来源 - 基于后向关联分析的FDI技术溢出效应研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
研究结果表明，云南省旅游业后向关联作用明显强于前向关联作用，且内部关联作用不明显；
The results show that the role of backward linkages of tourism in Yunnan Province are stronger than the forward linkage effects, and the internal correlation is not obvious;
要添加对Ruby的支持，所需做的全部工作就是编写一个解释器类，然后向zero . config添加一个条目以将其与Ruby (. rb)文件关联起来。
All you need to do to add support for Ruby is to write an interpreter class and then add an entry to zero.config that associates it with Ruby (.rb) files.
研究结果显示，我国钢铁产业对黑色金属矿采选业后向直接关联效应明显高于其它七国；
The findings show that the backward linkage effect of iron and steel industry on ferrous metal industry in china is pronounced than the relative effect in other seven countries;
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