...Almond)曾经认为，传统中国的民众没有“自我取向”或 “投入取向”(input orientation)及“参与取向”(participant orientation)，主 要原因在于传统中国的民众缺乏对自身利益的基本意识，这样，他们 就不会以利益主体的身份去主动参与各种社会事务(12)。
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影响运动参与者的取向 Impact sports participant orientation
代表了员工的组织取向，指的是他们对组织的忠诚度、认可程度及参与程度。
An employee's orientation toward the organization in terms of his or her loyalty to, identification with, and involvement in the organization.
普世性的价值观念是人类在长期的生活实践和交往中逐渐形成的共同价值取向，它来源于许多民族的共同参与和贡献。
Universal values are the value orientation established through long years of life practice and exchange, and the result of the common involvement and contribution of many nationalities.
本文研究主要是以社会化为取向，较为深入的探讨基于社会化理论的、引入第三方力量参与的特种行业治安管理新模式。
This study is a deep, society-oriented exploration of a new model of public security administration in special trades participated by the third force and based on the socialization theory.
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