苏格兰首府爱丁堡，文化艺术之城，有“北方的雅典”之称。

Edinburgh, Capital of Scotland, a city of culture, literature, music and architecture.

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在他有生之年，亚里士多德看到雅典、斯巴达和希腊的其他大城市被北方的马其顿帝国吞并。

Within his own lifetime, Aristotle would see Athens, Sparta, and the other great cities of Greece swallowed up by the great Macedonian Empire to the north.

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公元前480年的一个半世纪前，波斯力量从北方而至，攻打更为弱小的雅典，结果以失败而告终。马其顿只不过是强大的波斯力量的一小股势力而已。

Macedonian forces were a fraction of the size of a far larger Persian force that had swept down from the north into a far weaker Athens a century-and-half-earlier in 480 BC, and were soundly defeated.

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