正如查尔斯·达尔文在他的著作《人类与动物的情感表达》（1872）中指明的那样，一个骄傲的人看起来“自我膨胀或妄自尊大”。

As Charles Darwin noted in his book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), a proud person looks "swollen or puffed up".

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母亲和婴儿之间强烈的情感纽带增强了孩子探索世界的意愿——这一效应在动物领域、人类、猴子甚至蜘蛛身上都有被观察到。

Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children's willingness to explore the world—an effect that has been observed across the animal kingdom, in people, monkeys and even spiders.

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任何对动物痛苦的关注都被视为一种错误——一种情感上的错位，而这种情感应该恰当地指向其他人。

Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.

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If evolution is survival of the fittest, nature red in tooth and claw, how could animals evolve moral feelings?

如果进化论是讲适者生存，在弱肉强食的自然界，动物怎么能进化出道德情感？

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But at the same time, as Darwin well knew, emotions have universal roots that are shared across all humans and across many animals.

但同时，正如达尔文所说，情感在全球是相通的,被所有的人类和动物共享。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选