按照他们所看到的，所有事情的发生都必须用刺激和反应来解释，而不存在一点点为了目的论而行动的可能性。
As they see it, all events must be interpreted in the relationship of stimulus and response, and there is no room left for a search for final causes.
他主张采用经验心理学的研究方法，通过考察人类主体如何对外界刺激做出言语反应，来从事认识论的研究工作。
He advocates employing the research method of empirical psychology in dealing with epistemology by inspecting how human subject reacts in speech to external stimulation.
其中听说法依据斯金纳等人的刺激-反应理论和奥斯古德的传递论，认为学习是通过强化和条件反射形成的。
For example, listening and speaking method accords with Skinner's Stimulation and Response theory, holding that study is formed through reinforcement and conditional response.
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