易受氧自由基触发衰老的细胞是分化细胞(differentiated cells),因为体细胞需要较多的能量以执行它的专门生化生理功能,耗氧量大。已知哺乳动物消耗氧的90%以上被线粒体所利用。
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未分化细胞 early cell ; [组织] undifferentiated cell
急性未分化细胞白血病 undifferentiated acute leukemia ; AUL
终末分化细胞 terminally differentiated cell ; terminally differentiated somatic cells ; terminal differentiation cells
细胞分化 [细胞] cell differentiation ; cellular differentiation ; differentiation ; transdifferentiation
扩增分化细胞 amplifying cells
分化细胞的表达 differentiated cells by overexpressing
以及终末分化细胞 postmiotic diffetrentiating cell ; PMD CELL
破骨细胞分化因子 ODF ; RANKL ; osteoclast differentiation factor ; receptor activator of NF-kB ligand
和有丝分裂后分化细胞 postmitotic differentiating cells
能不能完全区别非常重要,因为非分化细胞带有癌变的可能。
This is important because undifferentiated cells carry risk of turning cancerous.
一些通常在发育胚胎中活跃的基因会被分化细胞(比如皮肤细胞)表达,促使细胞回复到未分化状态。
A handful of genes that are normally active in the developing embryo are expressed in a differentiated cell, such as a skin cell, causing that cell to revert back to its undifferentiated state.
那么这些细胞是如何分化并形成像根、茎、叶和果实那样不同的结构的呢?
How then can these cells differentiate and form structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits?
In fact, of all the systems of cellular differentiation that are known in our bodies, probably hematopoiesis is the best known.
事实上,我们体内已知的,所有由细胞分化成的系统中,造血系统也许是最为人所熟知的
A capability for asymmetric division and the production of cells that become differentiating more mature cells, those are properties of stem cells.
能够完成不对称分裂,以及产生细胞,并分化成为一些更成熟的细胞,这些是干细胞的性质
They're ready to rapidly differentiate into antibody producing cells and they're waiting for that second signal to come.
并可以迅速分化为,抗体分泌细胞,记忆细胞在等待第二次信号的到来
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