又称凌汛，主要发生在初春，当气候转暖时，北方河流封冻的冰块开始融化。由于某些河段由低纬度流向高纬度，在气温上升、河流开冻时，低纬度的上游河段先行开冻，而高纬度的下游河段仍封冻，上游河水和冰块堆积在下游河床，形成河坝，由于大量冰凌阻塞形成的冰塞或冰坝拦截上游来水，导致上游水位雍高，在冰塞溶解或冰坝崩溃时槽蓄水量迅速下泄形成了冰凌洪水。在河流封冻时也有可能产生冰凌洪水。
黄河流域面临两类洪水的威胁，即暴雨洪水和冰凌洪水。
There are two kinds of flood: rain gush flood and ice flood.
黄河冰凌洪水突发性强、涨势猛、持续时间长，产生的灾害有时更甚于暴雨洪水。
With the features of long duration, suddenly happening and rising, the ice flood in the Yellow River sometimes cause more intensive calamity than that of storm flood.
按成因和发生时间，将黑龙江省的洪水划分为三种类型：暴雨（降雨）洪水、融雪和雨雪融合洪水、冰凌洪水； 着重论述了暴雨、洪水的时空分布特征以及暴雨洪水的稀遇程度等。
On the basis of genetic analysis and flood time, the flood in Heilongjiang was divided into three types, that is , storm(rain) flood, snowmelt and rain flood and ice flood in this paper.
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