航天飞行器在再入大气过程中会受到严重的气动加热。返回式卫星、飞船返回舱及航天飞机等采取高空机动再入，再入时间长，其峰值加热过程一般在60-90千米高空。

Spacevehicles such as spacecraft and space shuttle are subjected to severe aerothermal environment with the peak heating at height of 60~90km while they maneuver to reentry the earth's atmosphere.

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在卫星的返回再入过程中，角度变化范围很大，有时很难避开奇点。

Usually, attitude angles varied within a large range in all of a process of a satellite reentering, especially ballistic reentering, so it is difficult to avoid the singular point.

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