WTO的规定留给这些国家相当大的余地，经过20年的单边削减关税，大多数国家的关税水平都低于约定税率（bond rates），即贸易谈判达成协议的关税上限。

The WTO’s rules allow them plenty of scope: after two decades of unilateral tariff-cutting most of their tariffs are well below their “bound” rates, the ceilings agreed in the trade club.

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研究报告同时也强调指出，关税降低可能具有欺骗性，因为降低的只是约定的关税，这些降幅是法定上限，而不是实际上应用的降幅。

The study also emphasizes that cuts to tariffs can be deceptive because the reductions are in bound tariffs, which are legal ceilings or limits, and not to the tariffs actually applied.

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这些国家通常制定了“约束税率”——有上限，这些上限大大高于“应用”灌水，即实际关税；

They often have "bound tariffs" – ceilings, which are significantly above the "applied", that is, actual, tariffs;

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