这些高速电子与银河晕的光子相互作用，将它们中的一些激发，使之成为泡泡中观测到的伽马射线。
These speedy electrons interact with photons in the galactic halo, boosting some of them up to the gamma-ray energies observed in the bubbles.
产生的新组成包括两个新原子核(副产物)、一些光子(伽马射线)以及更多的自由中子，它们是参与核裂变反应并产生能量的关键。
Those new pieces include two new nuclei (byproducts), some photons (gamma rays), but also some more free neutrons, which is the key that makes nuclear fission a good candidate to generate energy.
在这个新的研究中，物理学家们用一种处在极紫外能量范围的强光子X射线激光器发出的闪光照射氙原子，所用闪光的能量是可见光能量的40倍。
In the new study, the physicists shot xenon atoms with FLASH, an X-ray laser that USES intense photons in the extreme ultraviolet energy range, about forty times the energy of visible light.
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