古今墨家逻辑研究主体、对象、元语言工具、成果形态、层次、方法、作用、后果和评价等元性质，有根本差异。

There are many differences between the study on subject, object, meta-language tool, the form of achievement, ways, function and evaluation etc of the Logic in old times and in modern times.

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必须情景参与者在相应谓词的词典释文或元语言释文中对应的变元叫做谓词的语义配价。

The variables to which the obligatory participants in the scene correspond in the dictionary definitions or in the metalanguage definitions is called the semantic valence of the predicate.

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采用有限元语言编写计算机程序就象书写有限元论文或教科书那样方便和清晰，并很容易修改和维护。

A computer program written by the finite element language is very like a finite element paper or textbook and very easy to understand, modify and maintain.

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