历届政府都允许这种增长，理由是投资和运营铁路网络的成本应由使用者承担，而不是一般纳税人。
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.
威尼斯议会最终允许圆型船进入原本只供商船使用的贸易，从而降低了三分之一的运输成本。
The Venetian Council finally allowed round ships to enter the trade that was previously reserved for merchant galleys, thus reducing transport cost by one third.
一些机构辩称，会计规则允许它们以成本持有衍生品。
Some institutions argue that accounting rules permit them to hold derivatives at cost.
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